Friday, 21 May 2010
WINOL week 12 and Vision Mixing
Thursday, 20 May 2010
Lecture Notes - Exam Revision
Here goes.
The first topic discussed; whether or not Nietzsche was a Nazi. Due to the fact that Nietzsche was already dead when Hitler and the Nazi movements were active, you could not really say that he was a Nazi.
But why is it then said that he was a Nazi?
Even though the Nazi movements didn't start until 30 years after Nietzsche died, anti semitism was already widely spread over Europe - Germany, Poland, Russia - but not necessarily in the form of hatred of Jews. Nietzsche does not like any kinds of religion, it's a bad thing, and he says that people needs to eradicate religion from their lives to become free. Due to him being such an enemy towards religious people and religion itself, plus his famous statement 'God is dead', Christians tend to say that Nietzsche is a Nazi - they don't like him, and he doesn't like them.
Nietzsche's main philosophies contain all the elements of (extreme) individualism, which can be easily found in his book 'Thus Spoke Zarathustra' (Humanity must be overcome!) where we find a Superman - some sort of ΓΌbermensch and untermensch like in the German Nazi movements, which is thought to have been taken from Nietszche's philosophy, but not necessarily meant the same thing. Maybe Nietzsche was the total opposite to a Nazi by being a complete individual and not subsiding his own individual ideas... Maybe he is misunderstood by authoritarian organisations, the church and such as a Nazi?
Conclusion from Horrie was that there is no right or wrong, yes or no - judge for yourself. Was Nietzsche a Nazi?
Other famous people who Nietzsche referred to as super people/supermen were for example Da Vinci, Beethoven and Wagner.
More info about Nietzsche:
God is dead - Thus Spoke Zarathustra
Further on we discussed existentialism (1940s until early 1960s), especially from the point of view of Albert Camus and his novel 'the Stranger'. Existentialism is quite a tricky -ism to pin down. Existentialism kind of means that you live now, right now. Yesterday is history, and history is like fantasy, fiction. No one knows anything about the future and therefore it may not happen, it's not there. (Existence precedes essence - Jean Paul Sartre).
Like in the book, existentialists say there is no purpose of life, life is temporary, brief and it has no value cause you are going to die anyway. You might even take it one step further and consider suicide - but then it takes an effort to commit suicide and is it really worth that seeing as it doesn't mean anything whether you are alive or dead... cause everything is pointless. This is usually referred to as Existentialism Void.
In the book, our main character Meursault commits a crime, kills another person. Earlier on his mother has died. Even though both these actions should have affected Meursault's feelings, it didn't and because of this Meursault ended up in prison... (See previous blog)
From a journalistic point of view this book is written kind of in the way that we journalists are getting taught how to write news stories. Short, simple sentences where the subject is followed by the verb in a 'crunchy kind of bored observational way'.
More info about The Stranger and Albert Camus:
After this subject the discussion moved on to more contemporary, new journalism and focusing on how our history and past have come to shape today's style of journalism into something that is more comparable to a novel, a 'story' than a raw fact news piece. An article today, so called a story, is similar to a non-fiction novel. This intellectual trend seemed to move towards presenting news as fiction - even though the people in the stories are very much real. Tom Wolfe was one of the journalists that highlighted this so called new journalism more than many others, and in his work 'The New Journalism' he shows on different examples of new journalism, such as gonzo journalism, through an anthology of articles. Wolfe's big heroes that inspired him were among others Emile Zola and Charles Dickens, as he we can see traces of within the new journalism as Wolfe uses methods of 19th century literature.
New journalism focuses on being subjective whereas 'old' journalism smacks up the facts in a quite boring linear way of presenting the news - objective. With the movement from 'old' journalism, the storytelling went from being digetic (telling) to being mimetic (seeing). Gonzo and fly on the wall journalism is definitely related to the mimetic side of journalism, aka new journalism.
- Throughout this period existentialism (Camus) becomes the 'normal thing' in society and writing, the norm.
- Psychoanalysis (Freud, Century of the Self) becomes popular and its all about listening to people and analyse them. This is in clinical terms regarded as rubbish, but in literature - brilliant! With psychoanalysis you can get close to someone and make them open up to you by following them around (gonzo). News is news, the Freudian way of approaching news is the opposite.
- ME-generation! Everyone should be happy! This movement in New Journalism is a total individualism movement (Nietzsche). If it feels good - Do It! (Nike). All about self fulfilment, sexual freedom and pleasure - even if it leads to STDs or babies it doesn't matter, as long as it's a pleasure. Hippies, drugs...
Wilhelm Reich, extremist sexual freedom, mentions that you become physically ill if you don't have pleasure sex all the time.
More information on Wilhelm Reich:
Proper orgasms to the people!!
After this movement, something called the Vienna Circle followed and the followers of this listened to Moritz Schlick and they rejected all philosophy, such as metaphysics, nations, classes, abstractions and so on, and relied only on science. Their main point was, if you cannot verify a proposition individually - then you can't trust it, cause you cannot verify it. They would never say that something can not be true, instead they would say 'it could be true, but we can't verify it'. This is called the Verification Principle.
As for example in religion; Nietzsche said: 'God is dead'. The Verification Principle would not accept this cause they cannot verify what he is saying is true. Therefore, they stay open minded about God and decide not discuss it cause there is no answer- this statement cannot be tested and therefore not individually verified as right or wrong. The things that this movement discussed were only things that can be verified.
This sort of applies to journalism today as well. You need to be certain of something before you publish it for it to be a fact, you need to be able to verify every separate fact and make sure it is accurate. If not, that is if not able to verify that that certain something to be a fact, it is comment (bollocks) and therefore not mentionable for a journalist in a news piece as news is fact, not comment.
Verifiable = fact (such as spelling)
Non verifiable = comment (religion)
Religion, poetry, metaphysics and so on are all non verifiable propositions - therefore not discussed by the Vienna Circle. (Wittgenstein was heavily influenced by this group.)
Faults
Karl Popper died in the 1990s and was one of the biggest philosophers in the world. He was against this verification principle because he said that this verification principle cannot verify itself whether it is right or wrong - falsification principle. Popper destroyed the verificationists with this argument. He argued that things are only true if the opposite is also true. If you cannot do the opposite, the proposition cannot be true in itself.
According to this theory Freud, Marx and Hegel's philosophies were all destroyed due to not being able to verify their theories.
Last but not least we discussed John Maynard Keynes (1930s) and his approach on the economical climate. He rejects all economic theories of that time such as free market. Steinbeck claims that unemployment is impossible in a free market system. Today the situation is that the government gives benefit to unemployed people in society, therefore they won't go back to work - they will stay on benefits. Instead, get them working (even if it digging holes and then filling them back up) for them to get a salary and then being able to spend money and get a circle of economy flowing. "Capitalism produces nothing except destruction for themselves."
Cut wages + remove social spending = cures unemployment.
Even if your wages get cut you have to keep spending, cause when you keep spending the company will be able to keep their employers, and within time being able to emply even more people and eventually wages can go up again and things return to somewhat 'normal' - but if you start cutting your spendings the employees at that same company might have to go due to under spendings and not enough money in circulation. Therefore expand and spend your way out of trouble. (More information in Hayek's book Road to Serfdom.)
Tuesday, 18 May 2010
Documentary Making - the Blitz
The trip was going to take place during our Easter holiday. I, Veronica and Catherine were assigned to go, as Grant did not have a valid passport and could therefore not come along. The time before our journey was about to begin we spent several hours, days and weeks investigating in the history of Auschwitz, the Second World War, Poland in general, Veronica's family history and so on. We also had to spend many, many hours getting all sorts of permissions for filming, the camp and its exhibitions, through Auschwitz. Luckily, with Veronica knowing Polish, she was able to sort this out and get an allowance to film the exhibitions that we would like to highlight in our documentary.
We also managed to rent the cameras out for a longer period than we are usually allowed, which helped a lot as the trip would take about five days. Also, since Veronica's parents still live in Poland, we were to stay at her parents house over there which also meant it would get quite a lot cheaper than it would if we were to take in at a hotel or hostel somewhere.
With all the information required, all the research printed and read through, we were all being very excited about the adventure ahead of us. Then, it all went wrong. The volcano ash cloud swept over the UK, Poland and the rest of the world and we were stranded, unable to get our project done. We tried to find alternative ways of traveling, such as buses or ferries, but it took either too long time, or turned out to be way too expensive. After all, we are all working on a student budget...
So, with heavy hearts we decided to postpone this project and hopefully be able to do it over the summer holidays instead of now, as we have other modules at University that takes up quite a lot of time, and which we cannot miss due to exams, hand ins and similar things. Instead we had to refocus and decide on a new subject to be able to cover in a relatively short space of time. We had many ideas including fox hunting, a seance (ghost whisperer) at a castle in the middle of nowhere, the holocaust in Britain and such but nothing really sparked that little bit extra as Auschwitz and Poland had. In the end we managed to decide on an idea after hours of scouring the Internet for anything at all. We came across information about the Blitz and realised that it is now 70 years ago that major attack struck London. We wanted to angle the documentary from an inspirational point of view and highlight the fact that the fire fighters fought for over a hundred days for their fellow people, and see how this is still being remembered in the UK today, within the rescue services and so on.
At the moment, and it's all in progress. Veronica and Catherine are in London at this very moment, joining in in a Blitz tour, taking the through London, pointing out what happened where and when and how, and hopefully being able to get some great footage from that - I am sure they will, they are both absolute stars with the camera. On Monday further recording will take place as we will have an interview with a young fire fighter about his inspiration from the Blitz, and to get a better understanding if it is an inspiration for the younger generation today or if this is just something we have thought up...
Not quite sure how it will turn out, but I am sure that we will do our best to make a nicely looking documentary about one of the most remembered attacks of London.
Updates will follow, and eventually, the documentary itself.
Monday, 17 May 2010
WINOL Debrief - May 12th
Last weeks live edition of WINOL was probably one of the slickest, best looking and most news worthy bulletin we have managed to put on air so far. The stories were all in on time, luckily there was not many technical problems in the studio, or out on the field, and everybody knew what they were doing and everyone gave 100% in doing so. I think mostly this was thanks to the live general election coverage we hosted the week previous to last, when we all worked producing live television for hours and hours, and thanks to everything we learnt this evening, it was easier to put together the 10 minute WINOL bulletin than it has been before. Overall, the bulletin ran over with 10 seconds, which is the best running time so far - and I am sure it would have been spot on if the VT-computer had not frozen at the start of a package. Sound is still a hard nut to crack, and it seems we might need to focus on this issue in our practice run on Wednesday to perfect this, and as director it might be worth shouting even louder for the sound guy to hear what is going on.
Saturday, 15 May 2010
DNA profiles, blood analysis and CSI
Forensic Science – Science as applied to a court of law
On May the 14th all the first, second and third years journalism students were given the fantastic opportunity to spend several hours with Nigel Hodge, consultant forensic scientist, who explained, discussed and encouraged everyone to ask as many questions we could think of having to do with forensic science. The scientists are experts in different areas, and Nigel’s expertise is within DNA profiling, blood pattern analysis and crime scene investigation.
Nigel explained that as a forensic scientist you do not examine evidence with the main goal to decide whether the suspected is innocent or not, you investigate and critically value the evidence with one single purpose, to make sure they are or are not strong enough for a court hearing, and report their findings to the court. Their job is not, what many might think, to challenge things – this is up to the defence.
Within our society today, forensic scientists work privately – so just like lawyers they compete for clients and contracts with other private science companies. Nigel added that you will find that the police work with forensic science, but this seems to be more of a fashion thing (to have a forensic science laboratory within the police station) as most of them do not actually acquire a degree in any kind of science whatsoever.
“To give evidence is quite fun ... my job is to get the evidence across”
If the evidence that the scientist has put forward to the court gets questioned, the scientist him/herself will act as a witness in court. To be able to focus on the evidence without being biased, Nigel explains that you have to stay impartial, and his way of doing this is never to meet with his clients, not see any photos, not forming any kind of opinion about them, as this will make it harder to focus on the solid evidence in front of you.
“My duty is the truth”
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) profiling has been used since 1986 and it got its big breakthrough in the Colin Pitchfork case. Since then DNA profiling has developed immensely and it still does, every day as technology moves forward faster than ever before. One of the most recent methods is called Low Copy Number DNA Profile (LCN) and Nigel explains it is a very good method to use as it is “incredibly sensitive”. Thanks to this we can pick up DNA from small, small amounts of material that have earlier been harder, if not impossible to find. But there is a downside – it is incredibly sensitive, which means the small amount of a given material might give us the DNA profile of the suspect – along with a hundred odd prints that has been touching the same area... It’s like finding a needle in a haystack.
Nigel also explained that to be able to reopen a case, if the convicted still pleads innocent, you have to be able to prove that there are new evidence for the trial, either evidence that has an importance to the case but have not been reviewed in court before, or evidence that due to new technology now can shed new light over already used evidence.
Once you are found guilty, you are legally guilty.
No matter how much time you spend on a certain case, looking at evidence from new angles, in a new light you will not find the answer unless you ask the right questions.
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TIP: You might also find this interesting:
Proper orgasms to the people!!
Emotionally detached?
TIP: Why not check out:
Andrew Gidding's blog for more information on forensic science
James Kenyon's blog for information on Jeremy Webb, Editor in Chief, New Scientist
Tuesday, 11 May 2010
Election Night goes LIVE Gonzo Style
About twenty-five nervous, excited and for once well-dressed students have been gathering throughout the day in the News Room at the University of Winchester. The date is the 6th of May, 2010, and for most people this means Election Day 2010, just like it does for our students. But it is just not like any other election day for them. This is the day when their first broadcast is going to be put on air, online, live – and hopefully being watched by thousands of people who are not only their parents or other halves, but also more ‘important’ such as politics.
Everyone has been working hard to plan it all into detail but even so the panic is now starting to creep up on the Winchester News Online team as every minute seems to go faster towards that crucial 10pm live election coverage start. The WINOL team has been working for weeks and have known for just as long that it will be a long night, filled with sweat, yawns, too much coffee and a few headaches.
As the tedious script writing eventually takes off properly, a lady dressed in blue walks in, telling the team that they can no longer stay in the news room, which is equipped with all the technology they will need throughout the night, any longer due to security reasons. The ice cold, burning journalist eyes that meet these words fill the room with a fuming, negative and downbeat atmosphere that does not go away until the issue is later resolved and the students can go back to panicking about the “real stuff” again.
With only a few hours left until the coverage itself is about to begin, everyone is running around like silly geese, not really knowing what to do, but still somehow managing to pull it all together before 10pm. A script is delivered to the presenter. The studio crew is flying into the studio with just a few minutes before takeoff. The gallery is buzzing with nervousness and nail biting, shouting and directing, too much people but no one really knowing what to do next.
Ten. Nine. Eight. Seven. Six. Five.
PANIC!
Four. Three.
Light, check. Sound, check. Autocue, check.
Two. One.
Presenter cue. GO!
As with everything that involves technology something is bound to go wrong. First possible thing does. The unreliable autocue decides to crash but luckily the presenters are able to pull it off anyway and deliver what seems to be a fantastic show. Fiery spotlights are turning up the heat even more in the studio, while icy air conditioning works hard to cool down the equipment as well as the team yelling to people what to do next in the gallery. A can of Red Bull stands next to the presenters PC and he is asked to move it out of shot. He giggles and does what he is told.
‘SHUT UP’
A million voices are buzzing around the director who cannot hear what is being said in the studio due to the cacophony of noises that merge together as one big choir. But after about ten minutes some sort of calmness fill the studio and the gallery, and our hard working students manage to pull through and give their audience an amazing live show presenting the evenings results streaming in from all around the United Kingdom.
‘SOUND UP’
Sweat dripping down the presenters’ forehead as begging over and over again for the studio sound to be louder, ‘LOUDER’! First outside broadcasting is arriving from our fellow students around in the different constituencies in the South East of England, but it seems it is either sound or picture that does not want to work properly. The two different elements necessary for a broadcast can definitely not cooperate and agree on working as a team, instead all that comes through is either lousy sound with good picture quality or the other way around.
A sigh of disappointment echoes in the gallery as everyone had looked forward to being one of the few, if not the only, university doing something like this with live links around the UK, and other far off places such as Austria. But determined students as the team are, no one gave up and as the evening went on the broadcast came to include some almost professional outside broadcasts from around the country. When the next election comes knocking on our doors, the WINOL team will be more prepared on these challenges and knowing how to work their way to the end result without too much disappointment.
At midnight presenter number two is taking over presenter ones seat and realises the script has somehow not been fully finished, which leaves her with a lot of black holes and empty minutes to fill. The director keep frenetically whispering questions and ideas to her for discussions with the studio guests, and at the same time trying to puzzle the script from the first couple of hours together to something new for the remaining god knows how long time.
At half past two most of the constituency packages are not usable due to the fact that the result for that specific constituency has been announced. The crew ends up with an awful lot of packages with issues being discussed with the public and politics, such as trident, immigration and the economy, but as the minutes go on, even the WINOL team gets tired of seeing the same packages getting repeated over and over again so it is decided to throw in more live commentaries to our news room, where a third presenter does a brilliant job keeping track on what is going on in the UK and what might happen next.
Around 4am the team decides to keep going until the results for Winchester has been announced, which should be “any minute” now. Countless of coffee mugs can be traced between the News Room and the studio, and the apples, bananas and cookies provided in the News Room seem to decrease rapidly as it gets brighter and brighter outside, and as Winchester starts waking up again.
When the results are finally being announced for Winchester the entire studio held its breath waiting for the word – KEEP! – that would keep Winchester under Martin Tod’s regime with the Liberal Democrats, or – GAIN! – which would make the constituency a blue or red part of the map for the next five years. Tiredness, frustration, headaches, excitement, smell of coffee and a big sigh of relief fill the room as the outside broadcaster announces that Winchester has fallen in the hands of the Conservatives, and Steve Brine, and whether the members of the team agree or disagree with the public’s choice they all burst out in a round of applauds – most likely due to the fact that the University of Winchester, and its team of WINOL journalists, is being the first university covering an election live for seven hours and still being alive at 6am in the morning. It has been an amazingly well organised night with memories for the rest of everyone’s lives.
There is something special about that WINOL team.